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June 10, 2008

Japanese dress forms

In a comment she left, Valerie gives me the perfect opening for a topic I've been wanting to write about:

I agree with all you've said about sleeves and other fitting issues. I draped a muslin and tried it on an elderly client last year. After much tweaking to her contours, the armholes and sleeves turned out just like your illustrations [in the book]!...Back to the sleeve and armhole issue- is there a dress form that represents that shape?

According to information that Helen Darmara sent me, it appears there just may be. Helen said she researched the Bunka dress form "and found an interesting article on how the 'new body' was measured and developed". Bunka is better known in the US as a Japanese pattern and fashion magazine publisher but the company got its start (and remains) as a fashion college. I guess the magazines and books were a necessary consequence in the development of material for the curriculumn. It was in collaboration with Bunka that the Digital Human Laboratory (under the auspices of AIST-Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Japan) developed a new form. The details shown on the site are fascinating. Armhole shaping is the least of it. Below is an illustration of a comparison of two forms. On the left is the new Japanese form. On the right, a traditional dress form.

For comparison and analysis, see below. The superimposed markings to illustrate basic shape on the armhole comparisons are mine. You'll note the Japanese armhole shape is a wonky triangle, favoring the front (your arms are hanging off the front of your body). The traditional form shows the armholes as a crude rectangle at the side of your body.

The researchers (Kouchi, Mochimaru and Ito) used a body scanner to derive the points of measure. The above is somewhat similar to a draft from a German pattern book I have, written well before computing and scanning was possible.

I was sure I'd written more about the shaping and drafting of sleeves in Japanese texts but I can't seem to find it now.

Locating an available form for purchase seems to be difficult. According to a passage in Clothing Appearance and Fit: Science and Technology, Japanese company Taninaka provides information on the web but now refuses to sell the dress form overseas. How odd. I can't find a reference to the company at all.

The link Helen sent can send you off on all kinds of rabbit trails, very interesting stuff. For example, this links to  Japanese Body Dimension Data and the Human Body Properties Database. I haven't fully explored the latter but the former is claimed to be available for certain non-commercial parties, provided one is writing about it. As such, I mailed the required signed NDA affidavit to Japan. I heard back from Masaaki Mochimaru who wanted me to verify my non-commercial usage with which I complied and sent URLS typical of my interest in such matters. I further reiterated I don't share proprietary databases with any of you (and don't you know it!) but I've yet to receive a response to my email as of this morning. Perhaps it's gatekeeping; I don't qualify not being a professor or researcher at an accredited institution. Annoying. If I were an academic, I wouldn't have time to disseminate information to the similarly disenfranchised and most likely end users.

The Japanese Data set is small, a sampling of only 300 respondents but I imagine the study is of very high quality considering the intellectual rigor of the researchers. Grace has expressed an interest in formulating regression analysis which might not be necessary considering the aforementioned intellectual rigor but still, I would be interested in her conclusions.

Posted by Kathleen Fasanella at June 10, 2008 10:16 AM | Email to a friend

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Comments

There's a photo of a bunka dress form in Mrs. Stylebook (Spring 2008) page 117, is that the one? I'm not sure how to buy it, 'tho, it's late at night here and my Japanese is poor at the best of times...if no-one else can read it, I'll give it a go translating in the morning;)

Posted by: ginevra at June 10, 2008 11:08 AM

hello. i have been a ardent reader of your rss feeds. :)

i was a student at bunka and just graduated last year (currently studying in parsons), and this post really interested me because i cannot believe the TERRIBLE (some are like 10 years old) that they use at parsons. at bunka, as part of our school fees in the first year, we each paid for and received our own forms.

i might have gotten my information wrong, and if so, forgive me because i vaguely remember this. i only asked my teacher about it once, when i first entered the school. but in our first year, all of us go through this machine that's almost like xray. we just stand there and it shoots. it takes specific measurements of our bodies in 3d.

if i'm not wrong, bunka makes its own forms every 2 years. and what they do is that they collect the data from those measurements from all first year students, compiles it, finds an average, and then makes a molding out of it. hence, the forms change slightly in shape and size every 2 years, according to the trend in body type as per the students.

as for why the arm-holes are wonky as you put it, i believe that many of us do have a slope in our shoulders and are the teeniest bit hunchbacked. hence that wonkiness. also in bunka, we always shifted the shoulder point (in our sleeve patterns) towards the front.

well, i'm not really good with technical explanations. but i hope that helps. :) you can email me if you have questions!

Posted by: gilda at June 10, 2008 12:08 PM

The Bunka dress form looks almost exactly like me, albeit thinner. It would be wonderful to have access to forms that actually mimick the human body. Thanks for the post.

Posted by: LisaB at June 10, 2008 2:07 PM

I've just ordered the quarter-scale version of this dress form through a deputy service in Japan. I figured it would be small enough that I might not have to pay an arm and leg for shipping...

I love the shape of this dress form and the way the armhole is positioned reminds me of what Kathleen said was wrong with the other type of dress form when I saw it. However a quarter scale version is so ridiculously small that it probably doesn't make much difference... It was definitely an impulse purchase.

Posted by: Loretta at June 10, 2008 2:24 PM

At the bottom of the article with the comparison photos it does mention that forms can be purchased directly from the Bunka Fashion School.

Maybe the company only provides them directly to the school, who in turn sell them?

Posted by: Christina at June 10, 2008 4:28 PM

I so, want this form. One of my biggest complaints is working with fitting armholes. Why aren't there more options? I am going to think about engineering something...it looks like some sleepless nights. I have books and sketches of how to improve things. Maybe some prosthetics for my dress form?

Posted by: Teresia at June 10, 2008 4:36 PM

But the armhole is not the only difference. The Bunka form looks like a real person while the other — looks like a dress dummy.

Posted by: Carla at June 10, 2008 5:04 PM

Christina,

I emailed the school through their online website, they said they don't ship overseas, nor do they sale them anywhere in North America.

Plus from what I'm told from the Deputy service, even if you show up at the store, there's no guarantee you can buy it in person because they might only take your order and let the manufacturer send it directly to you (I have to pay extra shipping on mine because of this).

here's the link to the store: http://www.bunka-koubai.com/index.php

Posted by: Loretta at June 10, 2008 6:11 PM

Hi Kathleen,
That anatomic armhole is awesome. However, as fabulous as this dressform looks, it still would not mimic many women's bodies. Are you a perfect Japanese size 9? I was 35 years ago! I now subscribe to the "pad your dressform out to mimic your shape" theory. Check out this link..
http://sewing.patternreview.com/cgi-bin/review/readreview.pl?readreview=1&ID=1013
I guess it's folly to expect a manufactured form to have any similarity to a unique individual, just like the commercial home sewing patterns don't fit anyone out of the envelope. (unless you are the American counterpart of the perfect Japanese size 9)
I started blogging my "adventure" padding out an antique Acme Junior form for my daughter. I kind of got sidetracked and didn't finish it, but after seeing that beautiful Bunka form that is Not Available, I may just finish it. I have been using my patternmaking software to check the fit of the form. You can see my work in progress at:
http://www.tinthimble.blogspot.com/
kv

Posted by: karen v at June 10, 2008 8:25 PM

Teijo sent me this information in a private email. Post here if you have any questions.

The company that manufactures the dress forms is Nanasai. The model numbers on the top of the column on the left side...Ah. Even the alphabet is in DBCS so I'm not sure whether you can see them. Never mind....

Draping forms:
20 yr old female:http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/dummy-3.htm
20 yr old male:http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/dummy-2.htm
40 yr old female:http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/dummy-4.htm
70 yr old female:http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/dummy-5.htm

Cutting forms:
20 F torso: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-1.htm
20 F legs: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-2.htm
20 F swimwear: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-3.htm
40 F torso: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-4.htm
40 F legs: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-5.htm

Fitting forms
20 F LL size legs: http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-6.htm
20 F stockings (left in picture):
http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-7.htm
20 F socks (middle in picture):
http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-8.htm
20 M socks (right in picture):
http://www.nanasai.co.jp/dummy/body-9.htm

The web site information was probably left out because the staff doesn't speak English. The forms they currently offer were developed between 1995 and 2000. The "20 year old" models replicate a Japanese size M (JIS 9, or approximately US size 6) so I'm not sure how useful they would be to American customers - but if someone wants one desperately enough I'll be glad to help.

Size information can be found here.

If you want, I'll translate any parts that Babelfish can't handle...

Posted by: Kathleen at June 11, 2008 1:14 PM

i just wanted to add that bunka doesn't ship overseas because of how fragile the forms are, and they wouldn't want to be liable in case it gets dented.

also, i am quite sure i remember them having larger, ie, larger than size 9 forms.

i previously tried purchasing a quarter-size form here in new york from two of the most famous companies (who my teachers at parsons insisted were the best). upon going to the factory to buy the form, i asked the guy there what size the form is for. ie, it's a quarter size of a size 8? 10? etc.

his answer was that the quarter-size is too small to make and hence although it would cost like $200, it's just a small form and not properly sized at all. it's just a very rough gauge.

i thought that was nonsense and promptly bought both the half-size and quarter-sized forms from bunka when i was there in january visiting ex-classmates.

those are true to size and when you multiply by 4, will give a proper size 9. their quarter-sized forms are made of out rubber, but you can still push pins, etc into it for draping. in bunka we were also taught to make patterns in 1/4 sizes, so this is perfect to test a garment out, and then later blow it up to full-size. we don't only use it for draping purposes.

Posted by: gilda at June 11, 2008 5:51 PM

The shape of this new forms is fabulous, cements perfectly for me why I've never, ever worked on a form - they drive me crazy! I Hope one day Bunka will distribute to US. I'll be first in line!

Posted by: CDBehrle at June 12, 2008 11:43 AM

Kathleen Thanks for the great diagram of correct orientation of the arm! The misinformation about the arm hanging straight down from the upright rectangle (right figure) has plagued American pattern and fitting books since simplified dressmaker blocks of the 1920s. I teach my students to draft sleeves based on tailoring systems since, as you frequently illustrate (German armscye photo above), the tailors start with anatomy and work to accommodate it. The dismal pattern books from this country attempt to square-off and upright every thing about the blocks as if people were uniformly shaped like a flat pack spec'd garment. Continue to bust myths and dispel the clouds of misinformation out there, like the true Crusader Rabbit you are Kathleen. The future of any kind of decent fitting depends on preserving and sharing the increasingly lost skills and thinking of previous sculptors of cloth. The popular pattern books have been so dumbed down as to make them useless for the person who wants to know "why?".

Posted by: cuttingline at June 12, 2008 5:39 PM

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